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Teacher Anne Girven

 

 Year

 Level

 Duration

7-8 4 2-3 weeks

 

Achievement Objective Being Assessed

Learning Outcomes

Viewing  Discuss meanings, ideas, and effects, and identify the purposes for which the verbal and visual features are used in advertisements.

Processes

 Thinking Critically Identify and discuss the ways in which verbal and visual features are combined in an advertisement for a particular purpose and audience.
 Exploring Language Identify the important features of verbal and visual language in advertisements and use them to create an original advertisement.

Supporting Achievement Objective

Learning Outcomes

 Presenting  Combine verbal and visual features to communicate information through posters, photographs and video.
 Speaking/Listening Discuss in groups ideas, information, opinions. Interact with others to clarify understanding of the purpose of an advertisement.

 

Teacher background reading

Teaching and learning activities

Select and adapt these learning activities to best meet the needs of your students, and to fit the time available:

Advertising is often aimed at young people and research shows that not only do they spend billions a year but they also have a huge influence on their parents' purchases.

Learning task 1

Learning task 2

Extension Activity

Students could move to the next stage of advertising, "Moving Images", - design and create their own television advertisement to video and share with others in the class/group.

Assessment

Assessment Task

Students, in groups of three or four, invent a product and design an advertisement for a magazine/newspaper aimed at the 10 - 14 age group. In groups, describe and discuss the features of their advertisements, assessing the meanings and effects of each other's advertisements in terms of the combination of visual and verbal features that have been used and the audience the product is aimed at.

group_assessment (RTF 371KB)
peer_assessment (RTF 6KB)

Assessment schedule (12 kB)

Learning task 2

  1. Teacher presents/revises the SEXY structure for writing transactional writing.

    Statement
    Example
    eXplanation
    Your response

  2. In their original pairs, the students see if they can find this structure in the text of the prepared speech, or from a speech the teacher prepares and models. Teacher the breakdown on an OHPT, with input from student discussion. Students note the breakdown on their copy and paste into their books/folders. (For other speeches - both spoken and written - visit Great Speeches.)
  3. Students choose one question from the that they are going to expand into a prepared speech. They ideas that they can talk about. Then they share these ideas with their partner and see if thy can add more.
  4. Students write the draft of their speech, using the SEXY structure for each paragraph.
  5. Teacher Background Reading: See "Oral Language" from Exploring Language.
  6. Teacher returns to original text of prepared speech. Students listen to it again and read it again, this time looking for distinctive features of a speech. This ARB resource (ARB username and password required to view) focuses on the use of inclusive and exclusive pronouns. Discuss with partners, then teacher-led discussion about features of oral language eg. repetition, rhetorical questions, strong opening statement, strong conclusion will be useful for revising the features of a persuasive speech and this s, simile, metaphor, use of humour. Teachers may wish to provide another contrasting example.

    Display these with examples from original text.

Learning task 3

  1. Students return to draft of speech. They now write a 2nd draft, keeping the SEXY structure but adding 2 features of oral language from the list. They share this with their partner and the partner offers the suggestion of one more feature. This is added to the speech.
  2. Students write a 3rd draft of their speech and show it to their partner. If both are agreed that the speech has a SEXY structure and that it has at least 3 features of oral language, student writes their speech on to cue cards.
  3. Teacher discusses delivery. If possible show a video - for example, of school speech competitions. A useful technique is to show the video and then turn the television around and listen to the speech. Ask the students what they saw when they looked at the speech. Playing Al Pacino's speech from City Hall.

    Discuss and take note of:

    • Stance,
    • Voice, change of inflexion
    • Tone, pace
    • Gestures and body language
    • Props
  4. Variation 1: Teacher delivers a speech in a monotone deliberately avoiding using any delivery features which might animate it. The class are asked to rate the teacher.

    Variation 2: Use this  Assessment Resource Bank item (ARB username and password required to view this resource) which involves students practising delivery through impromptu speeches.

  5. Students then practise delivering their speeches to their partner and then to their group of four. They use their speech delivery checklist to assess their own performances and to offer constructive feedback to each other. Finally students deliver speeches to the whole class, and assess each other using the speech delivery checklist. It can be useful if the students are videotaped, so that they can be used for future exemplars and/or to allow for student self assessment. They can also use it as part of the peer assessment process.

Learning task 2

Introduce David Livingstone

Who was David Livingstone? Who was H.M.Stanley? List responses. Either read or view a small extract about David Livingstone (keep content brief).

Record: What have we found out about Dr Livingstone?

Independent student learning

In seven groups, research David Livingstone using the World Wide Web. Bookmark sites for students:

 Each group will have 1-2, 30 minute sessions collecting information from the sites listed. The aim is for students, using who, what, where, when, why, how questions and working in small groups, to skim-read, take notes and summarise the information to give feedback to the class. Students to use a time line to record information. Each group will put their time line on a class wall chart "This is Your Life David Livingstone".

  • Group 1: Road to Africa 1813-1840
  • Group 2: Southern Africa 1841-1853
  • Group 3: Trans-Africa 1853-1856
  • Group 4: Trans-Africa 1853-1856
  • Group 5: Lake Nyasa Area 1858-1863
  • Group 6: The Last Journey 1866-1873
  • Group 7: Places David Livingstone explored/travelled/discovered

As a result of their reading and research students will write a diary/log - "A week in the life of Dr Livingstone". Teacher models the process of drafting, editing and proofreading.

Learning task 3

Learning centre activities

  1. Find and map David Livingstone's birth place, Blantyre, Glasgow, Scotland.
  2. Research cotton mills in Scotland in the 1770 and 1800s. Who worked in these mills? Where did the cotton come from?
  3. Map places of interest in Africa that David Livingstone visited during his travels.
  4. With a friend write and dramatise the events leading up to the meeting of David Livingstone and H.M. Stanley.
  5. Write a cartoon story of the meeting between David Livingstone and H.M. Stanley. Use speech bubbles or Kid Pix.
  6. Research the "dreaded malaria" that was prevalent during the 1700s and 1800s. What were the causes? What where the symptoms? What medication was used? What did scientists do to try to eradicate the disease?
  7. Research the slave trade. Who was involved? When was it abolished?
  8. As a group evaluate all sources by checking the resource_evaluation (RTF 15KB)  Comment on which sources scored high and which scored low on the Resource Evaluation Checklist, along with any generalisations they are able to make about the sources of information.

Thinking critically about research

mini_inquiry (RTF 11KB)

The class brainstorms the names of explorers that could be researched, recording the names as they discuss them. During this phase the teacher acts as an arbiter to ensure that the suggestions serve the purpose of the unit. The final list will be no more than five or six names. The students decide on the explorer they want to research.
The focus will be:

  • How and why people find out about places and environments and the challenges they face.

Groups then decide upon three or four key questions they want answered, based on the explorer, the expedition, and the challenges faced. The students will conference with the teacher to ensure that the questions are not so specific or closed that the research process is invalidated, or so broad as to be unmanageable.
Once research questions are in place, the class is introduced, through modelling (RTF 7KB) , to the methods of research each group must use to find answers to their questions.
In each group of three:

  • one member must use a book, article, video or an email or fax to an expert/institution
  • one member must use the internet
  • one member is responsible for collating and organising the presentation to the class

OR

The group will be exposed to both methods; each group member will take responsibility for one question and use both methods for that question. Students conduct their research individually in their own time and in class. (Teachers may wish to bookmark the selected explorers to save time in searching the internet).
Back in groups, with teacher modelling and support, students compare their answers to their question(s).
Students then report back to the class: 

  • explaining their research topic and questions.
  • presenting a brief summary of their answers to their questions in a presentation using a timeline, flow chart, or fact file.

Learning task 1: Introduction

Starter activities

Use the Celebrations and Ceremonies photo kit (Learning Media) or find photos and pictures from magazines that show different activities. Make sure that some of the pictures show formal occasions and have elements such as Maori traditional costumes, church dignitaries, soldiers, etc.
Divide the children into groups of 3-4 and give each group three photos - try to provide three different types, eg. a celebration, ceremony and a commemoration.
Discussion questions:

  • What is happening in the photo?
  • How do you know this?

Get the groups to share their ideas and then to work together to classify all the photos into three groups.

  • Why do these photos belong together?
  • What are their similarities?
  • Why do photos from other groups not belong?
  • What assumptions can we make from looking at the clothing of the people?
  • Can we think of a word to describe each group?

If the children come up with the word celebrations write it on to the whiteboard. Otherwise introduce the words celebrations, ceremonies, commemorations.

Celebrations, ceremonies and commemorations

In small groups discuss: What are celebrations, ceremonies and commemorations?
Decide on definitions for each word, eg.

  • Celebrations: are usually associated with family, church, school or community and are usually informal.
  • Ceremonies are associated with more formal occasions and often contain rituals of some kind - religious, national, community or school.
  • Commemorations are for remembering with public people, governments, country, laws or official occasions.

Divide a large piece of paper into three columns. Students work in small groups to brainstorm examples to fit into each column. Allow 3-5 minutes for students to complete the activity. Share ideas from their chart (RTF 11KB) and allow the children to "Piggyback" ideas. Classify and correlate ideas and make class ANZAC chart.
This chart will be kept and used throughout this unit with children and teacher adding to it as new information is found. It will serve as a mini resource with notes and information discovered throughout the unit.
Discuss: Have we got our examples in the correct columns? Use highlighters to colour code any changes, eg. all ceremonies red.

  • Do they overlap? Why?
  • What are the differences?
  • What do they have in common?

Prior knowledge

Ask the children why we have ANZAC Day and what they know about ANZACS. Use the what_do_i_know (RTF 8KB) . The children write down all they know. Then write down what they would like to find out. Retain a copy of this sheet to help with assessment at the end of the unit.

Statements

Read to the students a series of provocative statements and ask them to use their thumbs to show their reaction. Discuss using thumbs up to agree with a statement, thumbs down for disagree and sideways for unsure. Asking the students to close their eyes will eliminate them following others and allow for anonymity.
Examples of statements could be:

  • War is fun.
  • Without war we can't have peace.
  • It is all right to be in a war as long as you win.
  • Taking part in war is like committing murder.
  • The government makes the war and the poor people are the ones to die.

Revisit these statements at the end of the unit. Ask the children if they have changed their minds. If so, why?

Summary

Summarise for the students how World War 1 actually began. The countries involved, the battles fought.
Read Gallipoli by Neil McKenzie [New Zealand Warrior series, search the catalogue to see if this is available from the National Library service in your area]. Read to the children several times over successive days. Discuss during and after reading what happened and why. Use the 5W's and an H to formulate questions, eg.

  • When did this happen?
  • Who were involved in the fighting?
  • Why were so many soldiers killed?
  • Where did these events take place?
  • What problems did the New Zealander's experience? What went wrong?
  • How do you think the young soldier's felt?

Record on a class chart the important information:

  • Who was fighting? Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire and Turkey against British Empire, (which included Australia and New Zealand), France and Russia.
  • Why did they fight over this area of land? Dardenelles a narrow strait between the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea allowing access to Russia.
  • Date of the landing. 25 April 1915
  • What went wrong? Landing on the wrong beach, strong sea currents, cliffs and steep hills.
  • Digging in and making trenches - origin of the name diggers given to the Australian and New Zealand soldiers.
  • What was the size of the battlefield? 200 acre dairy farm - two kilometres long by one kilometre wide.
  • Why was Bernard Freyberg's swim so important?
  • What were the conditions like in the trenches? periscopes, disease, rats, flies etc.
  • What were the New Zealand casualties? 2721 men killed 4752 were wounded.

Students could write quiz questions based on the book to ask other groups.

Learning task 4

Harry and the Anzac Poppy

Read to the students Harry and the Anzac Poppy by John Lockyer [available from the National Library service].
Discuss:

  • What was the family secret?
  • Where was the western front?
  • What were the eggs that the plane might drop?
  • Which were sayings made up in the war eg. walking wounded, marching orders, single file. What do they mean?
  • What were the hardships described?
  • What do you notice about the illustrations?
  • Why do you think the illustrator used this technique?
  • What is the significance of the poppy?
  • How do you think Harry felt at the end of the story?

Teacher model:

  • A keyhole (RTF 410KB) response to the story
    or
  • A Fact File based on the important events from the story

The Bantam and the Soldier

Read The Bantam and the Soldier by Jennifer Beck. Discuss the cover and the pictures. Read to the students the author's and illustrator's comments about their own families' experiences.
Following the reading ask the students:

  • Why was it called the Great War?
  • Why was the bantam alone?
  • Why did the other soldiers tease Arthur?
  • What made Arthur call his bantam Bertha?
  • What is a lucky mascot? Why do you think Bertha became their mascot?
  • What did Bertha give the soldiers?
  • How do you know that she gave them this?
  • Where did Arthur leave Bertha?

Teacher model a story map. Students complete a story map for the story.
Choose one of the characters from the story, for example the bantam. Brainstorm with the students the 'life of the bantam'. What might its story be? Teacher models diary writing. Refer to writing example.

Exploring similarities and differences

Discuss with the students what are the similarities/differences between stories. Students working in pairs select two of the stories and complete a Venn diagram

Share with other groups in a sharing circle.

Look at a picture(s) of a war memorial. What is it? Do we have one in .....? Where? Why do we have a memorial? Who made these memorials? What is the reason for having the memorials? What is written on a memorial? Are there other places that remember people who were in wars? eg. Roll of Honour at clubs, etc.
Arrange a visit to the local War Memorial and the RSA. Interview people about the war. Invite local war veterans from World War 2 to talk to the students.

Close Reading / Shared Reading

In 1934 M. Kemal Ataturk the Turkish leader wrote a tribute to the ANZACs killed at Gallipoli:
Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives... You are now lying in the soil of a friendly country. Therefore rest in peace. There is no difference between the Johnnies and the Mehmets to us. Where they lie side by side now here in this country of ours... You mothers', who sent their sons from faraway countries, wipe away the tears. Your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace after having lost their lives on this land. They have become our sons as well.
How do you think this made the mothers of the fallen feel? New Zealanders who visit Turkey, especially Anzac Cove are made to feel very welcome. Even though they were enemies in the war, why do you think this is so now?

World War 1 songs

Listen to world_war1 (RTF 17KB) from World War 1. Compare the sentiments. Why are some songs cheerful? Do they make going to war sound exciting? Why? Look at other anti-war songs. What are their writers saying? Why do you think the songs are different? What were the reasons behind writing these songs.
Play Eric Bogle's anti-war song And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda. Listen to it several times.

Shared Reading

Use a copy of the words of And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda to help the children focus on the words. Read the song and discuss each verse. What is the author telling us in each verse, eg. what concepts is the author exploring?
 * Where did he sail?
 * Why was he sent there?
 * What happened in Suvla Bay?
 * Who were the people involved?
 * How long did he say he managed to stay alive?
 * What had happened to him?
 * When did it happen?
 * Why were the Johnny Turks fighting?
 * Why did the writer use Waltzing Matilda as part of his song?
Read the following poems:

Ode to the Fallen by Laurence Binyon

Read each verse and discuss the meaning.
 o Why is England compared to a mother?
 o What is the poet asking us to do?
 o Why do you think this poem is used in Anzac Day services?
Give the children copies of the poem. These can be placed in their reading or poetry book and illustrated. Discuss and find the meanings of weary, condemn, mourns, desolation, sorrow, mingle, comrades, immortal spheres, straight of limb etc.

In Flanders Fields by John McCrae

Read the poem and discuss what is the message. Ask students what pictures/images they see in their mind when they listen to the poem. How does it make them feel? Give the children copies of the poem. These can be placed in their reading or poetry book and illustrated. Examine the language used in the poem.

Look at the unusual words and discuss quarrel, foe, break faith, amid, etc.
Revisit the questions used in the thumbs up/thumbs down activity. Repeat the questions. Ask the students at the end of the unit if they have changed their minds about any of their earlier statements. If so, why? Do they think it is important to remember and commemorate Anzac Day? Why? Why not?

Assessment Task

Write a diary for a soldier at Gallipoli. Imagine you are a soldier at Gallipoli.
 * Decide on your age, where you are from, what made you enlist, what you did before the war.
 * How you felt when you sailed away.
 * Begin with day one - the landing.
 * Describe the shelling, the shooting, the reactions of others around you, digging the trenches
 * Describe your first impressions of Gallipoloi.
 * Describe your daily routine. What is your life like?
 * How do you feel about he war? How do you feel about your family at home?
 * How do you feel about life in the trenches, the Turks?
Brainstorm and share your ideas with a partner.
Write a draft diary about a week in your daily life.
Read and share your work with a friend. Edit, proof read and publish.

Learning task 1: Introduction

Myths
A myth is a story made up to explain something that people believe (such as how the earth was made) or something in nature (such as thunder or lightning). Some of the most famous myths are Greek, Roman and Norse. They often deal with gods and godessess worshipped by the ancient people from these lands. Myths have complicated language or elaborate plots and rich language. They have become such a part of our heritage that even today we speak of Herculean strength (from Hercules, a Greek hero), the beauty of Venus (from Venus, the Roman Goddess of beauty) and Cupid as a symbol of love (from Cupid, the Roman god of love).
 

Legends
Legends are stories about the extraordinary deeds that real people or story characters (who might have been real people) are supposed to have performed. They are part of traditional literature which is the group of stories and poems that parents have told their children for centuries. There are legends about saints, like Saint Patrick, who was supposed to have chased all the snakes out of Ireland. There are legends about Robin Hood and his Merry Men and King Arthur and his Knights, who may or may not have been real people. You will also hear people speak of the legendary deeds of the bushranger Ned Kelly, or sporting heroes such as Donald Bradman.
 

  •  Encourage students to read and reread, both at a home and at school and to share their favourites in an oral language story-telling situation.
  •  Students will throughout the unit record the myths/legends they have read on a Reading Log. Teacher will model, following the reading of "Cry Baby Moon", how to complete and use the Retrieval Chart. Students will record, plot, characters, settings, themes, on the retrieval chart at the end of the unit. Students will use information from their reading log to complete the retrieval chart.

Focus Questions - The structure of a myth/legend:

 * What would have been the original form of these myths?
 * Why would the authors have wished to record these myths in written form?
 * What were the myths trying to explain?
 * What did the authors need to know to be able to record these myths?
 * Use the guiding questions below to help the students compare myths/legends.

Guiding questions
Discuss the origin of myths:
 * myths began with primitive humans
 * myths were used to explain the origin of things
 * myths often included gods to explain the creation of things
 * myths explained natural phenomena
 * Where could this story have taken place?
 * What was this story trying to explain?
 * How could this story have originated? Why do you think this?

Discuss illustrations. Explore the language that is used to explain/describe.

Discuss - What are the similarities and differences between (for example) Maori/Greek myths and legends based on a particular theme - "How the stars got in the sky".

Build up and develop throughout the unit a comparison chart (Venn diagram) of myths and legends from around the world.

Learning task 1

Learning centre

Set up a learning centre. Collect pictures, books, photos, and magazines of different kinds of spiders. Include magnifying glasses to observe spiders in a vivarium. Display a vocabulary chart and add to throughout the unit, eg. life cycle, egg sac, ballooning, spiderlings, food chain, vivarium, web, silk.

Introduction

Teacher discussion with students "Have you ever wondered how or why something happens?" Reference site: Fun insect facts for kids

Together, as a class, list student ideas for discussion/explanation.

Group activity

Choose six or seven ideas from the list. Each group brainstorms and writes their own explanations (a fun activity where all explanations are accepted). Return to the class group and share ideas to explain how/why.
Bookmark a suitable site to enable close reading of an explanation. (see Exploring Language - Looking at Written Language: a Framework). Discuss and model the writing of a summary (RTF 5KB) . Students work with a partner to select one of the bookmarked sites to read and discuss the explanation. Write a summary and share the explanation orally with the class.

Learning task 4

Spider webs

Ask students:

  1. How would you begin to construct a web if you were a spider? Does the spider construct it randomly or is there a pattern? Allow students time to consider their answers and then share ideas.
  2. How do you think, for example, the orb spider spin a web?

(The spider initially sets up a triangular shape from its web. The outer spiral forms the main part of the snare. It is spun from the outer edge toward the centre with sticky silk.)
Close read for information/explanation:

Students orally identify and name three different types of webs: orb, triangle, and tangle.

Students work with a partner and sequence the steps for the making of an orb web.
Shared writing with a partner. Plan and write a draft explanation for either how an orb web is made or why a spider does not get stuck in its own web. Students share their draft with another pair using the explanation checklist for feedback. Students then rework, proofread and conference with a different group.

Return to the graphs constructed at the beginning of the unit. Take a second survey.
Put the new data on a poster board showing the way students feel about spiders now that they have completed the unit. Discuss findings.




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